Overview
Definitions
- We've studied linear motion and rotational motion, in this unit, we are studying a new type of motion, Simple Harmonic Motion(SHM), in which both direction and speed change.
Definitions
- Periodic Motion - motion repeated in equal intervals of time
- Equilibrium Position - the position at which a vibrating object resides when not disturbed. When resting at this position, the sum of the forces that other objects exert on it is ZERO. During vibrational motion the object passes back and forth through this position from two opposite directions
- Restoring Force - when an object is displaced from equilibrium, some other object exerts a force with a component that always points opposite the direction of the vibrating object's displacement from equilibrium. This force tends to restore the vibrating object back toward equilibrium
- Simple Harmonic Motion - Repetitive movement back and forth through an equilibrium, or central position, so that the maximum displacement on one side of this position is equal to the maximum displacement on the other side. SHM is caused by a restoring force that is proportional to the object's displacement
- Amplitude - the magnitude of the maximum displacement of the vibrating object from its equilibrium position
- Period - the time interval needed for the object to make one complete vibration/rotation/cycle -- from the clock reading when it passes through that same position moving in the same direction. The unit of period is the second
- Frequency - the number of complete vibrations of the system during one second
Energy Transfers
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It is also important to know the graphs of Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
Variables that Affect Period - Lab Report
Summary
Simple Harmonic Motion in spring-mass systems
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Simple Harmonic Motion in Pendulum
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Inertial Mass V.S. Gravitational Mass
- Inertial Mass measures an object's resistance to being accelerated by a force
- Gravitational Mass measures the gravitational force exerted on an object in a gravitational field
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V.S |
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How to determine period and frequency from a graph?
Connections
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